Monday, January 27, 2020
Human Resources Culture Makes for Top Employer
Human Resources Culture Makes for Top Employer Vincent M. Mendez In 1966 at the North Carolina State University (NCSU), individuals from eight other universities where brought together by the National Institute of Health (NIH). The purpose of this group of individuals was to develop software to analyze data being developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The original product was identified as Statistical Analysis System (SAS). This gave way to both the name and corporate beginnings. In 1972 NIH ended funding for the project. When funding ended the members of the team decided to each contribute $5,000.00 a year to continue the project at NCSU. Over the next few years SAS software was licensed to various companies across the business spectrum. As more business requested the software it was determined in 1976 by the original developers to privatize their efforts. SAS Institute Inc. originated at 2806 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina (NC), building located across the street from NCSU. In the beginning the small business relied on everyone in the business to know and do everyone elses job. When a shipment of users manuals arrived, everyone stopped what they were doing and formed a human chain to hoist each box, person to person, to storage space on the second floor. (SAS Institute Inc., 2016). Throughout the rest of the seventies SAS continued to grow and add employees. SAS also expanded into the global market opening subsidiary office overseas. In 1980 SAS moved to its current Headquarters location in Cary, NC. What makes SAS Institute Inc. a great place to work. CEO James Goodnight put it best in interview by Angus Loten for CIO Journal by The Wall Street Journal. The culture is the heart of the company and started in the beginning. The question and answer follows: SAS is often cited as a great place to work. Why is it important for you to keep workers happy? Because we are maintaining software for years and years, and constantly improving it and adding new features and capabilities, its very important to retain the people who originally wrote it. To do that, weve tried to create a culture where we have a great deal of respect for people and that rewards innovation. We have a weekly meeting every Tuesday where we have any number of people will come over and do demos of what theyre working on, for upper management, so we get a constant view of all the new things people are working on. (Loten, 2016). Culture is the key to SAS Institute Inc. success. Employee satisfaction along with showing their value to the company, was always at the beginning of the corporate culture of SAS. Early employees have related that in the beginning on Hillsborough street, James H. Goodnight (co-founder and current CEO) would take everyone in his car down the street to the pizza place. The company paid for everything during these outings. This was a regular occurrence when 100 customers where added. Flexible work schedules along with free MMs and breakfast goodies were present from the beginning. SAS posted its first company bulletin in 1978, which was type written on a single page of paper and posted on the bulletin board. Technology was not the only innovation SAS was a leader. In the year after moving to their new location in Cary, NC, SAS broke new ground opening the first employee child care center in the basement of the Headquarters building. This was decision by the company to keep employees (valuable programmers) considered not returning to work after pregnancy. At this point in time this was an idea not even considered by companies. This goes back to the interview Goodnight had with the Wall Street Journal in early 2016. These ideas began with the formation of the company and years before this type of information was identified as Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This was the first of the ideas which made SAS a leading company to work for world wide. However, this was not the end. Following the opening of the daycare center, SAS took employee needs to a whole other level. At their headquarters campus, they open a recreation and fitness center. A health care center was open on the campus to support employees and families. This was followed by the opening of a gourmet cafà © to serve meals to employees. These additions garnered SAS awards to include Healthiest Company to Work For by Health and Living Magazine. The health care center has been a valuable to both SAS and their employees. Confirmation by a study conducted in conjunction with Duke Health. The finding was reported in a news release from SAS. Key point was the health care center lead to lower costs for both SAS and employees. For 30 years, analytics leader SAS has operated an on-site Health Care Center (HCC) for the convenience of employees and dependents. Now, a new study led by researchers at Duke Health finds those who use the HCC for primary care are less likely to need emergency department visits or hospitalizations than those who do not. (SAS Institute Inc., 2016). SAS highlights these benefits by providing them to all employees regardless of location. This type of culture is proof of success in that over the years has kept a turnover rate to around four percent. Employees, which are in 149 countries, are provided the same services as those at the Headquarters in North Carolina. Now it is not feasible to build and sustain medical clinics at all these location, the company has adapted ways to provide these services. For instance, in remote locations benefits such as childcare and medical are subsidized with local service providers. SAS does not hide it success in employee satisfaction. This is evident by visiting their website (http://www.sas.com/en_us/careers/life-at-sas.html). At this location, the company outlines what a career with SAS would be like. The headline here is this quote: By taking care of our employees, the rest takes care of itself (SAS Institute Inc., 2016). This location further discusses the culture and benefits. By separating these two areas the company can show its commitment to employees. Under the umbrella of culture there are eight areas discussed. These all relate to the company and how it manages work environment such as: open style of management to worker relationship, work conditions (college style campus at headquarters location), continuing employee growth, flexible work schedule allowing time during the day for fun and fitness, return investments (education and volunteer), and conservation. Benefits discusses four areas pertaining directly to the employee: money, career, health, and life. The founders of SAS had a vision and in that vison had the forethought that to succeed the company would not only have to provide a top line product but employ top line people. This has made for adjustments to business strategies, which requires changes to SHRM, easy and transparent. In other words: Organization development is a systematic approach to improving organizational capability, ie the capacity of an organization to function effectively in order to achieve desired results (Armstrong, 2016, p. 96). The company culture provides for change and growth. This type of corporate culture emulates SHRM. Much research has been carried out, which has shown that there is a correlation between good HRM practice and organizational performance. (Armstrong, 2016, p. 17). Being on the forefront of ideas which are now identified in discussions related to SHRM helps keep SAS as a leading place to work. The key to this is how to maintain and go forward into the future. SAS continues to be a leading place to work for many years. In 2016 Fortune ranked SAS the number two global company to work for. The reasons for the ranking came from Great Place to Work  ® reviews which related: At SAS Institute Inc., 94 percent of employees say their workplace is great (Great Place to Work, 2016). The survey provided a review of what employees think about the company and lists all the perks and programs SAS provides. What was discussed in this paper seems to be just the tip of the benefits. SAS by being far advanced in the idea of SHRM continues to adapt and change to new world and technological developments. In doing so has never forgotten to provide new and current customers great products and services requires those employees who got them in the first place. These practices has kept SAS a leader is analytical analysis and employee satisfaction. References Armstrong, M. (2016). Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management. In M. Armstrong, Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management (p. 17 p. 96). Philadelphia: Kogan Page Ltd. Great Place to Work. (2016, Aug 24). Great Place to Work SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved from Great Place to Work: http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/sas Loten, A. (2016, Mar 08). SAS Institute CEO, the Godfather of Analytics, Sees Future in the Past. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal, CIO Journal: http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2016/03/08/sas-institute-ceo-the-godfather-of-analytics-sees-future-in-the-past/ SAS Institute Inc. (2016, Feb 03). Fewer ER, hospital visits for employer health center patients, per major academic medical center study. Cary, NC. Retrieved Dec 27, 2016, from http://www.sas.com/en_us/news/press-releases/2016/february/sas-duke-study-employer-health-care-centers.html SAS Institute Inc. (2016, May 10). Life at SAS. Retrieved 2016, from SAS, Careers, Life at SAS: http://www.sas.com/en_us/careers/life-at-sas.html SAS Institute Inc. (2016). SAS Institute Inc. Company Information. Retrieved Dec 27, 2016, from Company History 1976-1980: www.sas.com/en-us/company-infomation.html#1976-1980
Sunday, January 19, 2020
Clones Essay -- essays research papers
          During the past few centuries, technology has reached a new level. With breakthroughs from the invention of electricity to the development of the Internet, these advances have made a huge impact on society. Every day brings the question of what will come next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies are essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cloning. The word clone is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or human being.1 Human cloning has been a largely controversial focus in the area of cloning, mainly, the ethics of cloning. People have differed opinions about the ethics of cloning. Some people think that cloning is not morally right, cloning is erosion of respect for sexuality, and it is against the will of god, fearing what is new and different. Other people think that cloning is beneficial to children, aiding to infertile couples, medically sufficient, and improving to humanity. Public law and policy also comes into play in the ethics of cloning.      Human Cloning does take place naturally to some extent. This is shown when identical twins are conceived. However, the likelihood of this occurrence is limited by chance. Even when identical twins are conceived, they originate from one single zygote that is split during the early stage of pregnancy.                                                        Antosh 2 Scientists are able to clone DNA, which is the genetic makeup of a human being. These DNA fragments are enlarged in a host cell. This process makes many scientific experiments possible. This process, often called molecular cloning, is the mainstay of recombinant DNA technology and has led to the production of such important medicines as insulin to treat diabetes, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve clots after a heart atta... ...ere are many reasons why religions look down upon human cloning. Most importantly, cloning humans is in a sense, playing God. As often happens when a powerful new scientific tool is developed, the announcement that mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning was possible generated strong warnings against â€Å"playing God.†8 Religions feel that birth is and should remain a natural process. People should not try to create humans when it is not their purpose, but only God’s purpose. It is not a human being’s right to make a decision on an unnatural creation of another human, especially for the sole benefits to oneself. It is said in the bible that God created man in his own image. Human cloning would be seen as sinful in the Church’s eyes. Antosh 6 There are positive aspects as well as negative aspects to human cloning, but since it is clear that the positive aspects to cloning are limited in their benefits, there is more reason to ban human cloning. Cloning can get out of control as far as it can pose the threat of people abusing the right of the genetic engineering tool. Although it may enhance the medical field, it would still degrade the sociological structure of today’s world. Clones Essay -- essays research papers           During the past few centuries, technology has reached a new level. With breakthroughs from the invention of electricity to the development of the Internet, these advances have made a huge impact on society. Every day brings the question of what will come next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies are essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cloning. The word clone is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or human being.1 Human cloning has been a largely controversial focus in the area of cloning, mainly, the ethics of cloning. People have differed opinions about the ethics of cloning. Some people think that cloning is not morally right, cloning is erosion of respect for sexuality, and it is against the will of god, fearing what is new and different. Other people think that cloning is beneficial to children, aiding to infertile couples, medically sufficient, and improving to humanity. Public law and policy also comes into play in the ethics of cloning.      Human Cloning does take place naturally to some extent. This is shown when identical twins are conceived. However, the likelihood of this occurrence is limited by chance. Even when identical twins are conceived, they originate from one single zygote that is split during the early stage of pregnancy.                                                        Antosh 2 Scientists are able to clone DNA, which is the genetic makeup of a human being. These DNA fragments are enlarged in a host cell. This process makes many scientific experiments possible. This process, often called molecular cloning, is the mainstay of recombinant DNA technology and has led to the production of such important medicines as insulin to treat diabetes, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve clots after a heart atta... ...ere are many reasons why religions look down upon human cloning. Most importantly, cloning humans is in a sense, playing God. As often happens when a powerful new scientific tool is developed, the announcement that mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning was possible generated strong warnings against â€Å"playing God.†8 Religions feel that birth is and should remain a natural process. People should not try to create humans when it is not their purpose, but only God’s purpose. It is not a human being’s right to make a decision on an unnatural creation of another human, especially for the sole benefits to oneself. It is said in the bible that God created man in his own image. Human cloning would be seen as sinful in the Church’s eyes. Antosh 6 There are positive aspects as well as negative aspects to human cloning, but since it is clear that the positive aspects to cloning are limited in their benefits, there is more reason to ban human cloning. Cloning can get out of control as far as it can pose the threat of people abusing the right of the genetic engineering tool. Although it may enhance the medical field, it would still degrade the sociological structure of today’s world.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Occupation – Nursing
Nursing is a profession that became really popular for past few years. There are many reasons why people are joining nursing program and why they want to become a nurse. For me it’s a family thing. My grandma and my mother both were nurses, but I also find it interesting myself. I choose this occupation because it ensures good salary, loads of benefits, such as health and life insurance, it’s challenging and it is a job that I’m sure I will derive a great satisfaction. According to U. S.Bureau of Labor Statistics to become a nurse I’ll have to take anatomy, physiology, microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, psychology and other social science courses. I’ll also need clinical experience. There’re three education path that I can choose: a bachelor's degree in nursing, an associate’s degree in nursing, or a diploma from an approved nursing program. I choose to get my diploma first, and then after finding a job, continue my education, and try to get a bachelor degree, to have a better job prospects. Employment of registered nurses from 2010 to 2020 will grow up to 26 percent, which is much faster than any other occupation.Opportunity to find a job in this profession is excellent. As a nurse I can find a job in a medical and surgical hospitals, offices of physicians, home health care services, nursing care facilities. Also I can work with the military, in correctional facilities, or educational services. When it comes to work environment, register nurses spend a lot of time standing, walking, bending a lifting, so back stress is a very common disease. Because nurses are surrounded by patients who have infectious diseases they have to follow strict rules to protect they health.Schedule in a hospital is very flexible, there’re a large variety of shift, so there are a lot of choices to find a schedule that will fit me the best. Also there are many promotion opportunities for nurses. Register nurses begin they work as staff nurses in hospital, but after they build some experience and prove that they can perform well in this job, they can be promoted to more responsible positions. They can become head nurses, they can work in administration, or as university faculty. They can also specialize in one nursing career.For example be a clinical nurse specialist, with average salary $90,000 a year. The salary for me is a big part of a job, it helps me to enjoy it, and gives me motivation to work harder. When you’re paid well you perform good at work. According to U. S. Department of Labor standard salary for a register nurse ranges from $45,040 to $94,720 per year, which gives us hourly wage from $21. 65 to $45. 54. Salary is determined by several factors such as setting, education and work experience. I think for that kind of job this salary is competitive.I also found out that if I need any extra money I can work overtime and holidays which are paid extra. For me it is very important to know th at I can afford things I want, and don’t have to worry that I won’t have enough money till next month. Also good salary is a big part of the job satisfaction, when I’m getting paid well I feel like my work is appreciated. Even though being a nurse for me is much more than a paycheck, providing my family will always be on the first place. The benefits coming from being a nurse are also a big part of why I choose this profession.Because nursing is part of a healthcare business, I can get a very good health insurance for me and my family, as well as dental and vision insurance. It is very important for me, because it protects me financially. I don’t have to worry about any extra expenses, having it gives me peace of mine, and protect me from unexpected medical bills. Nursing is a challenging job, and for me that is another benefit. I always wanted my career to be exciting. In this job you can’t get bored, it’s not a repetitive job, as a nurse I will never know what’s going to happen the next day.I know that this job will keep me constantly excited and give me an opportunity to learn each day. The most important thing why I choose this profession was job satisfaction. For me being a nurse is something to be proud of, it’s a job that I know will be very fulfilling for me. According to U. S Bureau of Labor Statistics â€Å"Register nurses provide and coordinate patient care, educate public and the publicity about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members†I know I will be able to make a direct impact on other people’s lives, I want to feel that my job is making some difference.Also working to help and serve other people will give me this satisfaction. For me nursing is not only taking care of patients and giving them medications, it is way more than that. After spending a lot of time with patients, nurses become part of their family, f or me building that kind of relationship with them it’s what makes this job so important. As a nurse I know that I will be able to provide human element for patients in a hospitals, so they don’t feel left alone, I will have to explain what the doctor is saying so people won’t get confused, or scared by medical terms.Intensive contact with people and unpredictability are things that will make this work very satisfying for me. I know that I will be able to bring some meaningful contribution to people that I will take care of lives. Patients can see how much work and effort nurse put in her work, and they appreciate it. Seeing that people value and respect my work will be the most rewarding thing, and will well worth everything else. I wanted to become a nurse for a long time, I’ve had an interest in a medical fields since high school.The money, benefits and job security are an important part of this occupation, but the most important thing for think the mo st important thing is my desire to help people. It’ll be very rewarding to see that even a little thing that I’ve have done, will have some kind of positive effect on my patients lives. Nursing is occupation that perfectly fits me. It’s a challenging career in which I can learn new things every day and never get bored. It’s much more than just a job, it’ll give me an opportunity to change and save others life. It’s a rewarding career, I look forward to be a part of.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Realism and Naturalism in American Literature Stories Essay
There are two dominate aspects of Realism (Social Rules Morality), and two dominate laws of Naturalism (Environment Determinism), that comes into play in the American Literature stories of Daisy Miller ,Frank James, and Jack London. According to one authoritative source (Britannica), realism in its basic form in Literature is a literary style in which the author describes the reality of persons (people) in detail to resemble their actions, emotions, and environment. The strengths and weaknesses are blended in with the characteristics of their flawed personalities by not being completely good or evil, weak or strong. The characters in the stories attempt to make their way through their social environment often coming into conflict with†¦show more content†¦It was more enjoyable to choose one’s way and be happy then to follow the social rules and be damned. Daisy began to walk a thin line between Lady and Tramp in the eyes of the gentlemen from Geneva, Mr Winterbourne , who was from an incredibly disciplined Calvinistic background. In his eyes he was being practical and hesistant to bring moral condemnation on the beautiful and expressionate Daisy Miller. The Judges of High Society, to include Mrs Costello, decided to pass ethical judgement when Daisy’s number of male associates began to climb. Futhermore, the à ©lite bore more proof to condemn; they had â€Å"Gossip†, and a woman of that day was to carry herself in such a way as to avoid such claims. This is an example of the doctrine of realism, when one goes against the grain of the philosopy of the day. Daisy blew off the warnings of Mr. Winterbourne that she would be soon shunned by all the à ©lite class. When Daisy refused to come out the dangerous night air of shame and disgust, Mrs Costello signed her moral death call for. In her eyes this flaunting young whoring flirt could not be saved. Yet, it was Daisy choice to enjoy the moon, the night air, and her friend in spite of the consequences to come. This was an example of the novel of manners that produced moral tensions. Why should she leave her friend and ride in judgement and appeasement? This was not rational. Realist are pragmatic and in this instance so was Daisy. In Jack London’s To Build aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Naturalism and Realism1298 Words  | 6 Pagesseparate movements spread across America know as realism and naturalism. While the two were very similar in their beliefs and ideals there were still many apparent distinctions to differentiate the two. Realism and naturalism showed themselves in many aspects of life, from art and sciences to new math techniques and even religion. However, above all else these movements may have been most evident in the literature of this time. 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Thursday, December 26, 2019
Damaging Air Pollution - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1341 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Air Pollution Essay Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Introduction A survey of the available literature shows just how damaging air pollution can be to the flora and fauna that inhabit the natural world. The leading pollutants include tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide from automobile exhaust, the burning of diesel fuel in combustion engines and coal ash from electric power plants that creates particulate matter, and nitrogen dioxide from agricultural manure and fertilizers as well as the combustion of fossil fuels. These airborne pollutants can eventually fall out of the atmosphere and deposit onto the land and bodies of water. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Damaging Air Pollution" essay for you Create order The uptake, inhalation or consumption of these pollutants can be harmful to many plant and animal species such as the birch, pine, and maple trees of the temperate forest, the mice, birds, and fish of the urban ecosystem, and the fish, insects, and crayfish of the aquatic ecosystem. The role of air pollution in biodiversity, local habitat modification, and climate change are also examined. A survey of the worlds biomes Several of the Earths biomes will be referred to in the pages to come. It is therefore important to have an understanding of the biomes as it pertains to what makes a biome and why they are where they are. Climate, topography, and soil and parallel influences in aquatic environments- determine the changing character of plant and animal life over the surface of Earth. Although no two locations harbor exactly the same assemblage of species, we can group biological communities in categories based on their dominant plant forms, which give communities their overall character. These categories are referred to as biomes (Ricklefs 99). Contributions of Heinrich Walter German ecologist Heinrich Walter devised a terrestrial classification system which he termed ?climate zones. These zones were broken down by annual precipitation and temperature trends across the globe. He was careful to note signature plant and or animal traits that seemed to occupy these zones (Ricklefs). Contributions of Robert H. Whitaker Robert H. Whitaker, an ecologist from Cornell University, would devise his own classification system with a slight twist. He first established the vegetative structure of biome, then developed a diagram on which he plotted the annual precipitation and temperature norms. It should be noted that in the intermediaries between forest and desert, he took into account soil type, seasonal climate patterns, and fire to determine woodlands, shrublands, and grassland locations (Ricklefs). Courtesy of The Economy of Nature by Robert E. Ricklefs It is important to note the following when it comes to the animals and plants that share a biome: (1) animals and plants adapt to match their environments, (2) some fauna and flora overlap at the boundaries between neighboring biomes in response to local climate feedback loops, (3) while climate is the key factor in determining plant distribution, soil types and changes in topography are also influences, and (4) aquatic biomes are classified by salinity, water flow rate and water depth rather than temperature, precipitation and vegetation structure (Ricklefs). A biome map of the world courtesy of The Economy of Nature by Robert E. Ricklefs. The demarcations more or less follow Heinrich Walters biome structure. Walter noted the boreal and polar zones have annual average temperatures below 5, the temperate regions experience annual average temperatures between 5 and 20(central Ohio is located in the Temperate seasonal forest), and the tropical and equatorial biomes exceed 20 as an annual average temperature. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2 or Nitrite) Pollution In the aquatic ecosystem The three major pollutants of freshwater ecosystems are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The most common non-point sources of airborne NO2 pollution are the volatilization of manure and fertilizers and the combustion of fossil fuels. Airborne NO2 can enter the aquatic ecosystem by depositing on lakes, streams, and rivers. If introduced, nitrite can exhibit lethal toxicity of fish and invertebrates in doses of 3 mg NO2-N/L in a 96-hour exposure time (Camargo and Alonzo, 2006). This is mainly achieved by rendering oxygen-carrying cells incapable of transporting oxygen. This results in hypoxia and death in fish and crayfish. Nitrite can also be toxic in the following ways: reduction of Cl- ions in and outside of cells causing an imbalance of electrolytes, reduced function of cardiac and skeletal muscles and decreased neurotransmission from imbalance of K+ , formation of mutagenic and carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, acute damage to mitochondria in liver cells contributing to free oxygen shortage in the tissue, and a compromised immune system leading to increased susceptibility to parasites and infections diseases (Camargo and Alonzo, 2006). Nitrite can, through chemical reactions with other materials in the water, produce compounds that have lasting, disruptive effects. Nitrite lowers the pH of lakes and streams making them more acidic. According to Bobbink et al., fresh waters are among the most sensitive ecosystems with respect to atmospheric acidification (1998, p.718). Acidification of water that has low turnover rates, specifically lakes, can upset the delicate balance of nutrient cycles (and therefore food chain) required for the ecosystem to function properly. Low pH can also encourage the development of toxic algae which starves the other organisms of dissolved oxygen in a process called eutrophication. With low availability of food and oxygen, reproductive rates of aquatic animals suffer. Eutrophication reduces water clarity and light availability which can negatively impact photosynthesis rates in aquatic plant life (Hernandez et al., 2016). According to Camargo and Alonzo, Anthropogenic discharges containing elevated nitrite concentrations have been associated with fish kills in aquatic ecosystems (Camargo and Alonzo, 2006, p. 840). The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) lists vertebrate species impacted by reactive nitrogen. In the FWS Great Lakes Big River region there are five (5) such species. The Jollyville plateau salamander and the Smalleye shiner are listed as ?potentially endangered due to direct toxicity or lethal effects of N and eutrophication causing algal blooms that alter habitat by covering up substrate, respectively. The other three (3) species are listed as ?threatened by the FWS: the Arkansas River shiner and the Neosho Madtom for eutrophication lowering dissolved oxygen levels, and the Desert Tortoise (Sonoran population) for N pollution increasing non-native plant species that kill off the tortoises food sources (Hernandez et al., 2016). In species-rich grasslands Some nitrogen deposition studies have been conducted in western and central Europe concerning pH neutral grasslands which are moist to semi arid (Bobbink et al., 1998). This biome type tends to have soil that is nitrogen-poor hence the need for fertilization. In the UK, the Park Grass experiment has been ongoing since 1856 (Williams, 1978 and Dodd et al., 1994 as cited by Bobbink et al., 1998). Enrichment of nitrogen as sodium nitrate fertilizer is applied to select plots of neutral grassland in the amount of 48 kg N per hectare per year. This has resulted in a population explosion of a few, nitrophilic grasses such as the Meadow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis) and Tall oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius). These have crowded out the abundance of smaller, more regular perennials (Bobbink et al., 1998). Additional land management is necessary to reintroduce and maintain biodiversity. In forest ground vegetation Drastic changes in ground flora have been noted in many studies over the years due to acidification of nutrient-poor soil by airborne nitrogen deposition. In their 1989 study of a central Netherlands forest, Dirkse Van Dobben observed a disappearance of all lichen species when nitrogen deposition increased from around 20 kg N per hectare per year in 1958 to near 40 kg N per hectare per year by 1981 (Bobbink et al., 1998). In a semi-natural forest in northeastern France, a large increase in nitrophilic plants was observed on 50 permanent vegetation plots when nitrogen deposition of 15-20 kg N per hectare per year raised soil pH to 6.9 (Thimonier et al., 1994). Coniferous forests have also been impacted by increased nitrogen inputs. The shoot density of Wavy hair-grass (D. flexousa) showed significant increase in a central Sweden coniferous forest where experimental ammonium nitrate enrichment reached 10 kg N per hectare per year (Kellner Redbo-Torstensson, 1995). This along with s imilar results in Finland seems to point to decreased biomass of shrubs and mosses that thrive in nutrient-poor areas. Competitive exclusion modifies the local, vegetative landscape to favor grasses and mosses that prosper in nutrient-rich soils. (Bobbink et al., 1998).
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
The Myth of the American Dream Exposed in Death of a Salesman
Millers work on â€Å"Death of a Salesman†is an example piece of work furthering the social protest involving totalitarianism and the American Dream. Throughout the piece, Miller uses his voice of conscience and passion for the purpose of exposing the truth about the concepts. Using the perspective of Willy, a fictional, working class citizen, Miller picks apart the myth of the American Dream, exploring topics such as abandonment, betrayal, family dynamics, and using interesting symbolism along the way. With reckless abandon, Willy believes in the idea of the American Dream. In fact, thats a bit of an understatement. Willy is a dreamer, one that continues following that until its too late. In â€Å"13th Gen: Abort, Retry, Ignore,†¦show more content†¦When push comes to shove, Willy basically interprets what he wants in the wrong way, which eventually leads to his undoing. His ignorant faith in his own fabricated version of the American Dream is his downfall when he realizes that his life doesnt connect to his version of the American Dream. When abandonment is brought into question, it is clear to see that Willys life is a collection of issues involving just that. Every case of abandonment in his life leaves him in more anguish than ever before. When he was a child, his father leaves him and his brother, leaving them nothing to remember him by, financially, or otherwise. Eventually his brother moves to Alaska, injecting the heart of the issue that is his warped version of the American Dream. As a result, Willy is afraid of abandonment, which influences him to raise his family in a way that will fit the mold of model American citizens. However, his attempt to do so has resonance with the concept that he has lost touch with reality. He feels like a failure. 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Monday, December 9, 2019
Lsp 120 free essay sample
This is noted in the graph at the top. b. Let us look more carefully at the complete 2001 data. (This is the data for the year before the article) Open the file HomicidesForCities2001. xls. Sort the data by the absolute number of murders. Which three cities had the highest number of murders in 2001? Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles c. In Column D, calculate the homicide rate (homicides per person). Paste into your Word document the top five rows of the resulting table. Chicago, Illinois| 2910709| 665| 0. 000228| New York, New York| 8023018| 649| 8. 9E-05| Los Angeles, California| 3763486| 588| 0. 000156| Detroit, Michigan| 956283| 395| 0. 000413| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania| 1518302| 309| 0. 000204| Note: New York’s rate is â€Å"8. 09E-05. †This means 8. 09*10^-5 or 0. 0000809 (move the decimal to the left 5 times. d. Now sort the data by column D. Which three cities had the highest murder rates in 2001? Fairfield, AL, Gary,In, and Opa Locka, FL e. How many times greater was the murder rate for the Fairfield, Alabama than the rate for Chicago? 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Lsp 120 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 23 0. 000965/ 0. 000228 = 4. 23 Fairfield’s rate is 4. 23 times greater than Chicago’s f. There were exactly four cities with population greater than 500,000 with a rate higher than Chicagos. Which were they? Memphis, Baltimore, DC, Detroit g. Now sort by column B (population) in descending order to look at the largest cities in the US. Copy the top 10 rows of the table and paste them into a different part of your Excel sheet. You should now have the just the cities with population greater than 1 million. Sort this table by rate and paste the resulting table into your Word document. Who is ahead of the pack here when we consider cities of population 1 million or greater? Chicago, Illinois| 2910709| 665| 0. 000228| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania| 1518302| 309| 0. 000204| Dallas, Texas| 1215553| 240| 0. 000197| Los Angeles, California| 3763486| 588| 0. 000156| Phoenix, Arizona| 1366542| 209| 0. 000153| Houston, Texas| 1997965| 267| 0. 000134| Las Vegas, Nevada| 1117763| 133| 0. 000119| San Antonio, Texas| 1170622| 100| 8. 54E-05| New York, New York| 8023018| 649| 8. 09E-05| San Diego, California| 1246136| 50| 4. 1E-05| Chicago h. What was the overall impression of the article and the accompanying graph? Given the additional data in the Excel file, do you think the article is misleading in certain ways? If so, how? Critique the use of quantitative information in the New Years Day article. Yes, the article is a bit misleading in that it is only considering cities with more than a million people when it says Chicago is leading with regard to homicide rate. Naturally the rate is going to be high when you have so many people in a city. If you consider cities that have 500,000 or more people we are fifth despite having a larger population than the four cities ahead of us. Additionally, it mentions in the title that Chicago has fallen out of first, but this is only in absolute terms. 2. Spot prices for crude oil are rather volatile. From 1998 to 1999, spot prices for crude oil decreased by 28%. From 1999 to 2000, they increased by 106%. What was the percentage change over the two year period from 1998 to 2000? (You can assume that you start with a $100 initial price. If I start with $100 and in the first year, from 98 to 99, it decreases by 28% then in that year the price goes from $100 to: y= P*(1+/-r)^x y=100*(1-. 28)^1 = $72 If I start with $72 in 1999 and increase that by 100% to 2000 then in 2000 the price is: y = 72*(1+1. 06) = $148. 32 If I started in 1998 with $100 and ended with my new value of $148. 32 in 2000 then my percent increase is: (148. 32 – 100)/100 = . 4832 OR 48. 32% increase 3. There were 100 cellular telecommunications employees in the year 2000. The number of cellular telecommunications employees increased 10. % from 2000 to 2001 and decreased 5. 5% from 2001 to 2002. a. How many cellular telecommunications employees were there in 2002? From 2000 to 2001 we go from 100 employees to: y = 100*(1+. 104) = 110. 4 or 110 employees If we decrease this by 5. 5% then in 2002 we’ll have: Y = 110*(1-. 055) = 103. 95 or 104 employees b. What was the overall percent change in the number of employees from 2000 to 2002? Had 100 (reference or old value) and I now have 104 employees (new value): (104-100)/100 = . 04 or 4% increase
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