How a Daughter Grieves the Loss of a Mother

How a Daughter Grieves the Loss of a Mother A son’s a son till he takes a wife, a daughter’s a daughter for the rest of her life. By and large, this old folk saying still rings true. Generally, young men are raised to become autonomous beings, and the act is regarded as mandatory to their adult development. On the other hand, young women are raised to become moms themselves and remain close to their mothers, setting off what many psychologists maintain is the most intense relationship in a woman’s life. The mother-daughter bond is essential, and 80-90 percent of women report good relationships with their mothers during their midlife, despite wanting an even stronger relationship. What Happens When a Mother Passes When her mother dies, the adult daughter loses her security touchstone. As long as her mother is alive, even if she’s halfway across the country, she’s often only a phone call away. Even if a daughter doesn’t always reach out to her mother when she has a problem, knowing her mother is around can be reassuring. Alternatively, when mom dies, the daughter is starkly alone. Women with close mother-daughter relationships may feel the loss more acutely, but the dynamics are the same for women who report conflicted relationships with their mothers- there is a prevailing tendency to feel unmoored. According to a 2016 article by psychologist Susan Campbell, 92% of daughters say that their relationship with their mother is positive, and over half of women say their mother was more influential than their father. Coping With a Mother Who Has Died Many adult daughters hold a story of their mothers that is based more on the daughters’ wounded memories than on the real truth of their mothers’ lives. For the brave at heart, the immediate aftermath of a mother’s death can be an opportunity for a more objective, compassionate understanding of her and, in turn, a resolution of long-standing differences. Clues to a mother’s true narrative can be found by listening attentively to stories told at the funeral, studying her letters and personal writings, and reviewing her choice of reading materials and entries in her calendar. Even the contents of her closet can help to fill in the gaps of her life. Daughters can take this time to learn more about their mother, and cope with the grief by expressing their feelings, remembering and cherishing their mom, and allowing themselves to grieve properly. Learning About Mom Through Memories Often, there can be a real disparity between a mother’s public self and her private self, or the one portrayed in the family. Many women lead much more accomplished lives than their mothers, which can mask their gifts. A mother’s death can be an excellent time to revisit her teachings. For example, Hillary Clinton’s mother, Dorothy Rodham, was cast off by her parents and sent to live with harsh grandparents. She never got the opportunity to attend college, but when Hillary phoned home from Wellesley, worried that she wouldn’t make the grade, Dorothy encouraged her to stick it out, something she had learned the hard way. Theres no doubt that Hillary Clinton’s reputation as a tenacious candidate and negotiator owes a lot to her mother’s support. Embedded in this example is the knowledge that mothers want the best for their daughters. We can return the favor by rediscovering our mother’s stories and honoring them.

Halloween Quotes for Kids

Halloween Quotes for Kids Halloween has special significance for children. Kids look forward to October 31 when they can play out their imagination and spook their friends. Retailers have realized the importance of this holiday and stock up a variety of wild costumes for kids. You can get any costume- from a pirate to Pinocchio. On Halloween night, kids dress up in zany costumes, pretending to be scary monsters and weird creatures. They travel door to door, usually accompanied by an adult and yell, trick or treat! If the friendly neighbor chooses to be tricked, the kids play a naughty prank on the neighbor. Most people enjoy treating kids with candy. Kids also love to share ghost stories, and spooky tales of dead people to add to the thrill. If your children enjoy Halloween, join them in their naughty adventures. Share these wonderful Halloween quotes for kids to make the night a truly memorable one. Organize a Halloween costume party and encourage kids to dress up in wicked and wacky costumes. Titus Lucretius Carus For as children tremble and fear everything in the blind darkness, so we in the light sometimes fear what is no more to be feared than the things children in the dark hold in terror and imagine will come true. Robert Brault I dont know that there are real ghosts and goblins, but there are always more trick-or-treaters than neighborhood kids. David Arquette The first horror film I remember seeing in the theatre was Halloween and from the first scene when the kid puts on the mask and it is his POV, I was hooked. R. L. Stine When I was a kid my family was really poor and I remember one Halloween I wanted to dress up really scary and my parents came home with a duck costume. I wore that costume for years! I hated it. Gavin DeGraw When I was a kid I got busted for throwing a rock through a car window and egging a house on Halloween. Larry, Curb Your Enthusiasm [When trick or treating kids ask for some candy] Yeah, its Halloween but that doesnt mean you can go around to peoples houses and bilk candy from them. Emily Dickinson One need not be a chamber to be haunted;One need not be a house;The brain has corridors surpassingMaterial place. Dexter Kozen Shadows of a thousand years rise again unseen,Voices whisper in the trees, Tonight is Halloween! Henry C. Link Fear is natures warning signal to get busy. Virna Sheard Hark! Hark to the wind! Tis the night, they say,When all souls come back from the far away-The dead, forgotten this many a day! Scottish Saying From ghoulies and ghosties and long leggety beasties and things that go bump in the night, Good Lord, deliver us! Theodosia Garrison At first cock-crow, the ghosts must goBack to their quiet graves below. William Motherwell Men say that in this midnight hour,The disembodià ¨d have powerTo wander as it liketh them,By wizard oak and fairy stream. John Kendrick Bangs Bring forth the raisins and the nuts-Tonight All-Hallows Spectre strutsAlong the moonlit way. Henry David Thoreau I would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself than be crowded on a velvet cushion. Dennis Yost and the Classics IV Just like a ghost, youve been a-hauntin my dreams, So Ill propose on Halloween. Love is kinda crazy with a spooky little girl like you. Shakespeare O horror! Horror! Horror! Tongue nor heart Cannot conceive nor name thee! Steve Almond Nothing on Earth so beautiful as the final haul on Halloween night. William Shakespeare Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn and hell itself breathes out, Contagion to this world. J. M. Barrie A house is never still in darkness to those who listen intently; there is a whispering in distant chambers, an unearthly hand presses the snib of the window, the latch rises. Ghosts were created when the first man awoke in the night. Janet Little, On Halloween At Halloween, when fairy spritesPerform their mystic gambols,When ilka witch her neebour greets,On their nocturnal rambles;When elves at midnight-hour are seen,Near hollow caverns sportin,Then lads an lasses aft convene,In hopes to ken their fortune,By freets that night. Nina Willis Walter The witches flyAcross the sky,The owls go, Who? Who? Who?The black cats yowlAnd green ghosts howl,Scary Halloween to you! Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Haunted Houses The spirit-world around this world of senseFloats like an atmosphere, and everywhereWafts through these earthly mists and vapours denseA vital breath of more ethereal air.

Return on Investment - Education Funding Coursework

Return on Investment - Education Funding - Coursework Example Secondly, the MBA course offered has an international outlook for students. Essentially, it fosters diversity of the students within their careers across the world enabling them to tackle global and local challenges facing the businesses that they work at. Lastly, with the wide variety of students from across the world, an MBA course at the university enables students to develop lasting lifelong networks across the world. The executive MBA program in Health Administration at the University of Colorado Denver is paramount towards my career development. The MBA program gears towards imparting health care professionals with excellent health management skills. As a student of the course, I will be able to develop management skills that are practical and real time. The skills will enhance my ability to respond to developments within the workplace and health care as an industry. Being more attune to these developments as well as having the knowledge to develop solutions to the challenges occurring will enable me to optimize the performance of the workplace. Overall, the course will improve my skills, confidence and career as a health care administrator. The two-year course is offered on and off campus. Regardless of the schedule of choice, the basic costs incurred are within the same range. The total cost of tuition is $53,000. Other costs incurred include a onetime non-refundable deposit of $1,000. Additionally, food and housing will amount to $27,008 and personal expenses amount to $8672. Miscellaneous expense will amount to $2,000 for the two-year program. The total costs of the program will amount to $89,680 (University of Colorado, 2014). Given the investment of $89,960 in the Executive MBA in Health Administration, the course was able to generate a Net Present Value of $ 49,372.9. Further, the Executive MBA in Health Administration was able to deliver an internal rate of return of 14%. The internal rate of return of

The Stasi Officer in The Lives of Others Movie Review

The Stasi Officer in The Lives of Others - Movie Review Example They submit secret reports on their co-workers, bosses, friends, neighbors, and even family members. Some do so voluntarily, but many are bribed or blackmailed into collaboration. When the movie begins, the interrogator, Wiesler, seeks a confession from a political prisoner. The accused is made to sit on his hands and is forced to stay awake. Wiesler informs his victim that merely to question the integrity of the Stasi is itself a serious crime. When the necessary confession has been obtained, Wiesler places the cloth from the seat the prisoner has been sitting on in a bottle for the use of tracker dogs. The tape recording of this scene is used to lecture recruits in the art of interrogation. In the process, Weisler is asked a question about the possibility that a victim is innocent. He puts a little cross beside the inquirer's name. At the end of his lecture, an old school friend, Lieutenant-Colonel Anton Grubitz, now head of the Stasi's Cultural Department arrives. Grubitz takes Wiesler to the theatre and suggests that he take an interest in a potentially dissident playwright, Georg Dreyman, whose beautiful girlfriend, Christa-Marie Sieland is appearing in his new play. An influential cultural minister (Bruno Hempf) has designs on the actress and intends to use the Stasi to tarnish the playwright. Wiesler is assigned to the case by his old friend and proceeds to bug the writer's flat and put him under 24-hour surveillance with an eye toward getting him out of the way. As the Captain listens to Dreyman and his girlfriend he begins to like them. Later on, he comes to doubt what he is doing and to suspect the patriotism of those around him. He develops human sympathies for people his superior believes to be suffering from a sickness known as 'anthropocentrism'. He finally becomes moved to question the state tyranny to whose service he has dedicated his whole life. Finally, he provides false reports to his boss, Lt. Col. Anton Grubitz, until the publication of Dreyman's article about suicides raises questions about the few secretly anti-Communist writers who have not already been forced to commit suicide by threats from the secret police. Eventually, Grubitz authorizes a search of the couple's apartment. Since Dreyman has hidden the typewriter under a floorboard, the search reveals nothing. Then Grubitz arrests Christa-Maria, assigns interrogation to Wiesler, who threatens to end her career if she will not talk, so she does. The secret police then organize a second search. However, Wiesler quickly goes to the apartment and disposes of the typewriter before the second search. When the search team arrives, Christa-Maria cannot face her partner, so she leaves the apartment, walks into a passing truck, and dies. Dreyman, however, is in the clear. Realizing that Wiesler has either extracted a false confession or is responsible for the incriminating typewriter, Grubitz demotes him to letter opening or mailman. The events in the story take place in 1984-1985. Mikhail Gorbachev is chosen as the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, and three years later the Berlin wall falls. Fast forward to 1991, Dreyman leaves the performance of a play and accidentally runs into the culture minister, Bruno Hempf, who in turn tells him to his surprise that he was under constant surveillance. He then goes to the archives of the former East German government to examine

Decision Making Process Essay Example for Free

Decision Making Process Essay .Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Making a decision implies that there are alternative choices to be considered, and in such a case we want not only to identify as many of these alternatives as possible but to choose the one that best fits with our goals, objectives, desires, values, and so on.. (Harris (1980)) According to Baker et al. (2001), decision making should start with the identification of the decision maker(s) and stakeholder(s) in the decision, reducing the possible disagreement about problem definition, requirements, goals and criteria. Then, a general decision making process can be divided into the following steps: Step 1. Define the problem. This process must, as a minimum, identify root causes, limiting assumptions, system and organizational boundaries and interfaces, and any stakeholder issues. The goal is to express the issue in a clear, one-sentence problem statement that describes both the initial conditions and the desired conditions.. Of course, the one-sentence limit is often exceeded in the practice in case of complex decision problems. The problem statement must however be a concise and unambiguous written material agreed by all decision makers and stakeholders. Even if it can be sometimes a long iterative process to come to such an agreement, it is a crucial and necessary point before proceeding to the next step. Step 2. Determine requirements. Requirements are conditions that any acceptable solution to the problem must meet. Requirements spell out what the solution to the problem must do.. In mathematical form, these requirements are the constraints describing the set of the feasible (admissible) solutions of the decision problem. It is very important that even if subjective or judgmental evaluations may occur in the following steps, the requirements must be stated in exact quantitative form, i. e. for any possible solution it has to be decided unambiguously whether it meets the requirements or not. We can prevent the ensuing debates by putting down the requirements and how to check them in a written material. Step 3. Establish goals. Goals are broad statements of intent and desirable programmatic values. Goals go beyond the minimum essential must have. s (i. e. requirements) to wants and desires.. In mathematical form, the goals are objectives contrary to the requirements that are constraints. The goals may be conflicting but this is a natural concomitant of practical decision situations. Step 4. Identify alternatives. Alternatives offer different approaches for changing the initial condition into the desired condition.. Be it an existing one or only constructed in mind, any alternative must meet the requirements. If the number of the possible alternatives is finite, we can check one by one if it to meets the requirements. The infeasible ones must be deleted (screened out) from the further consideration, and we obtain the explicit list of the alternatives. If the number of the possible alternatives is infinite, the set of alternatives is considered as the set of the solutions fulfilling the constraints in the mathematical form of the requirements. Step 5. Define criteria. Decision criteria, which will discriminate among alternatives, must be based on the goals. It is necessary to define discriminating criteria as objective measures of the goals to measure how well each alternative achieves the goals.. Since the goals will be represented in the form of criteria, every goal must generate at least one criterion but complex goals may be represented only by several criteria. It can be helpful to group together criteria into a series of sets that relate to separate and distinguishable components of the overall objective for the decision. This is particularly helpful if the emerging decision structure contains a relatively large number of criteria. Grouping criteria can help the process of checking whether the set of criteria selected is appropriate to the problem, can ease the process of calculating criteria weights in some methods, and can facilitate the emergence of higher level views of the issues. It is a usual way to arrange the groups of criteria, subcriteria, and sub-subcriteria in a tree-structure (UK DTLR (2001)). According to Baker et al. (2001), criteria should be †¢ able to discriminate among the alternatives and to support the comparison of the performance of the alternatives, †¢ complete to include all goals, †¢ operational and meaningful, †¢ non-redundant, †¢ few in number. In some methods, see Keeney and Raiffa (1976), non-redundancy is required in the form of independency. We mention that some authors use the word attribute instead of criterion. Attribute is also sometimes used to refer to a measurable criterion. Step 6. Select a decision making tool There are several tools for solving a decision problem. Some of them will be briefly described here,and references of further readings will also be proposed. The selection of an appropriate tool is not an easy task and depends on the concrete decision problem, as well as on the objectives of the decision makers. Sometimes . the simpler the method, the better. but complex decision problems may require complex methods, as well. Step 7. Evaluate alternatives against criteria Every correct method for decision making needs, as input data, the evaluation of the alternatives against the criteria. Depending on the criterion, the assessment may be objective (factual), with respect to some commonly shared and understood scale of measurement (e. g. money) or can be subjective (judgmental), reflecting the subjective assessment of the evaluator. After the evaluations the selected decision making tool can be applied to rank the alternatives or to choose a subset of the most promising alternatives. Step 8. Validate solutions against problem statement The alternatives selected by the applied decision making tools have always to be validated against the requirements and goals of the decision problem. It may happen that the decision making tool was misapplied. In complex problems the selected alternatives may also call the attention of the decision makers and stakeholders that further goals or requirements should be added to the decision model.

Undergraduate Education in Advertising Essay -- Major Advertising Coll

Undergraduate Education in Advertising Next spring I will be receiving a bachelor of arts in journalism at the University of Arkansas from the Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences. My focus in journalism is in advertising and public relations. Most schools separate the advertising and public relations departments and some schools even place them in the business school. My degree in the journalism department has benefited me because my education seems to be more well-rounded than most college degrees. What criteria should be placed on a degree in advertising and public relations? By comparing my undergraduate education at the U of A to the same degree at the University of Texas at Austin (the previous school that I’ve attended), the approach behind two different curriculums can be compared. To students who are on the path to receive a degree in advertising or are thinking about it, a solid comparison of the degrees will give you a better idea of what you are getting from your college education. Evaluating your education will allow you to see why you need certain courses, what skills you'll need as a prospect looking for a job once you graduate, and what knowledge you’ll gain from a college education that will benefit you for the rest of your life. Advertising is part of the American culture. For example, who wouldn't recognize these slogans: â€Å"Just do it!† –Nike â€Å"It’s finger lickin’ good.† –KFC â€Å"M-m-good† -Campbells Soup â€Å"It’s the real thing† -Coca Cola Advertising agencies realize how influential advertisements are on people. They are responsible for the catchy slogans and jingles that are forever stuck in our minds. These creativ... ...nd limited to a certain number of students. Both schools will give you a well-balanced education in order to get the most out of your college degree. The main thing that I have received from my education is a better understanding of the world around me. I have become more open to different opinions and attitudes and have seen many sides of diversity. A well-rounded education has allowed me to learn about many other subjects that I wouldn’t have if I would’ve followed my first idea to get a business degree. I opted for the advertising/public relations route because it was more interesting to me, but mainly because I enjoyed all of the classes that I would be taking with this degree. I have also received good specialized training that will help me in the business world. So overall, I feel that my education at the U of A has been a very positive experience.

Oral Health Disparities Health And Social Care Essay

Oral wellness disparities between autochthonal and non-indigenous populations are reflected across the universe. The Maori are the autochthonal population of New Zealand ( NZ ) and do up about 17 % of the entire population. They have higher degrees of offense, lower life anticipations and lower incomes compared to other cultural populations in NZ. Unfortunately unwritten wellness position seems to follow this tendency. The 2009 New Zealand Oral Health Survey ( NZOHS 2009 ) , the first national study on unwritten wellness position in NZ, showed that although big betterments have been made in unwritten wellness with the population, unluckily the health care system was neglecting to run into the demands of the Maori population and particularly its kids see table 1. This was in maintaining with findings from other surveies. Number of lasting dentitions with untreated coronal decay per individual, among kids and striplings aged 5-17 old ages, by population group ( adjusted ratio of agencies and difference in agencies )Group of involvementReference groupAdjustment variablesRatio of agenciesDifference in agenciesMale childs MaI„ori Pacific Asiatic Most deprived vicinities ( NZDep2006 ) 1 Girls Non-MaI„ori Non-Pacific Non-Asian Least deprived vicinities Age group Age group, sex Age group, sex Age group, sex Age group, sex, cultural group 1.0 2.4* 1.3 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.1* 0.0 0.0 0.0 Beginning: 2009 New Zealand Oral Health Survey Note: Entire response criterion end product for MaI„ori, Pacific and Asian cultural groups has been used. 1 For vicinity want, the ratio of agencies and difference in agencies refer to the comparative index of inequality ( RII ) and the incline of inequality ( SII ) , severally. See methods for more inside informations. * Indicates a statistically important consequence ( p-value & lt ; 0.05 ) . Factors which are thought to lend to this inequality spread are a combination of cultural, socioeconomic, healthcare handiness, lifestyle issues, and favoritism and consist of: The low consumption of alveolar consonant attention services within the Maori population ( 6 ) . New Zealand even though it has good entree to dental attention for kids and striplings it appears that Maori kids were less likely to see a dental professional than kids of other cultural groups. Even though Maori grownups admitted to a high degree of perceived demand they were less likely to see a tooth doctor and cited costs for dental services as an of import factor. Maori kids and grownups were less likely to brush their dentitions with toothpaste incorporating 1000 parts per million ( ppm ) fluoride compared with other cultural groups. Besides they were less likely to brush their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours ( 6 ) . Here the demand for positive unwritten wellness behavior is highlighted. The NZOHS 2009 found discrepancies in unwritten wellness position between people resident in countries with fluoridated and non-fluoridated imbibing H2O. Disparities between age groups with immature grownups age between 18 to 34 old ages holding a significantly worse unwritten wellness position. Social economic want compounded inequalities in unwritten wellness position and this is consistent with old wellness studies in NZ and international comparings. Peoples resident in high socio-economically deprived countries had poorer unwritten wellness position.Sketch a realistic design of a service to run into the demandsIn seeking to undertake the inequality in unwritten wellness for the Maori population one has to turn to the issues merely decribed and particularly of the low consumption for alveolar consonant attention services. Here the plan would hold to turn to the barriers to care and other determiners. These would include entree to fluoride, and dietetic advice, and cognition of costs and dental service entitlements. The purposes of the service would be: To promote and advance unwritten wellness To better and develop comfortss and services that best trade with the unwritten wellness demands of the Mauri population To better and back up the unwritten wellness work force To acertain and develop quality in the service. A community-based plan could be instigated and would look at including the followers: An accent on preschool kids to be registered with the school dental service at one twelvemonth old. Surveies allude to a less than 60 % grade in registration for kids under 5 old ages old. The integrating of unwritten wellness attention services with mainstream general wellness attention would besides ease improved entree. Using skill mix of dental professionals in order to accomplish optimal bringing. Using unwritten health care professionals healers, clinical denta technicians, The service would look at increasing the capableness and capacity of current Maori wellness attention suppliers and healers and besides by the proviso of new services. The proviso of grounds based bar such as fluoride toothpastes, fluoride varnishes, crevice sealers, fluoridated H2O will be at the head of intervention schemes. Although at present there is non adequate grounds to propose one better than the other crevice sealers and fluoride varnish programmes programmes will be built-in to the service. The puting up of a Maori unwritten wellness squad within the community consisting of a tooth doctor supported by dental attention professionals such as healers. This could be aided ab initio by the usage of maori tooth doctors / therapists/ healthcare workers to better prosecute the popultation. Sing entree the service would include the proviso of a dental installations in close propinquity to the communities and this could be in either in the signifier of new surgeries in community scenes ( eg community centres/ schools ) and or the usage of nomadic dental surgeries. These installations would be marketed and awareness raised within the Maori community. They would be equipped with modern equipment and meet modern wellness and safety ordinances. Staffing would chiefly conisist of dental healers helped with dental helpers overseen by a part-time or full clip tooth doctor. They would handle kids and striplings but be able to offer attention to grownups. Offering attention to grownups that do non measure up from freedom of dental fees would intend the puting up of payment installations. The demand to turn to cost concerns for grownups sing dental attention is of import. Cost was identified as a major barrier to entree ( 6 ) . The publicity of dental services available and their costs, particularly information on entitlements to those with low socio-economic standing, would be propagated by the squad. Child and adolescent alveolar consonant attention consumes most of the public dental budget and hence bar utilizing dental work force accomplishment mix is polar and can be more economical. Dental healers could be used to advance healthy behaviors and besides be used for intercessions such as fluoride varnish and crevice sealers. Robust links with other primary attention professionals would be forged and the bringing of wellness messages utilizing a common hazard factor attack facilitated. The nexus between unwritten wellness and general wellness is widely acknowledged and the linking with other healthcare suppliers who may be in a better, and more community established place, would be favorable. In turn toing unwritten wellness attention behaviors such as brushing at least twice a twenty-four hours and utilizing fluoridated toothpaste which has at least 1000ppm fluoride will necessitate undertanding of the societal determiners of unwritten attention. Programs to supply free, or at decreased cost, toothbrushes and toothpaste could be looked at. The usage of Maori health care professionals would help the bringing of messages every bit good as provide feedback. The drawn-out household ( whanau ) construct would be integrated seamlessly into the proviso of dental attention. Witinh the community, attending of household members would be encouraged and the whole pattern of regularly sing dental professionals impressed as usual behavior. The designation and usage of nodal people within the maori community to circulate the benefits of behavioral alteration would assist to increase consciousness of unwritten wellness ( oranga niho ) within the Maori comminuty. Health publicity with messages on entree to fluorides, dietetic advice on sugars, unwritten hygiene processs, and smoking surcease would be provided. The handiness of fluoridated H2O at 1ppm fluoride would be looked at. Fluoridated H2O has been shown to cut down the incidence of dental cavities in populations. Notwithstanding its defects entree to fluoridated H2O would be an assistance in cut downing cavities degrees and acquiring bar into difficult to make communities. As H2O fluoridization could be frought with troubles so other methods of increasing fluoride availabilty non mentioned antecedently could be considered, such as milk flouridation. Milk fluoridization has been shown to be an assistance in cut downing cavities degrees.Describe the rules you would utilize for be aftering the service and implementing.The rules that would underly any strategic planning rhythm would be: Support from stakeholders and national organic structures. There would necessitate to be top degree support, direction and way. Support from other health care services and a multidisciplinary attack. Evidence based attention would be supported. A coherent and methodical attack to financial projection and proviso A structured procedure for execution detailed in comprehensive planning Evaluation of procedure and result. Throughout one would be looking at placing barriers to alter and so seeking to turn to and take them. The strategic planning rhythm would hold the undermentioned stairss: Strategic way Needs appraisal Explicating purposes and aims. Stipulate needed characteristics Contemplate options Creat detailed program. Implement program Monitor and measure. Re-evaluate. First guaranting that national statute law and policy way is taken into history during planning. The World Health Organisation advocated that unwritten wellness be integrated as portion of general wellness attention policies of states in its 2005 Liverpool Declaration. In NZ the national unwritten wellness scheme papers â€Å" Good Teeth for all for life † supports this and sets out the vision for unwritten wellness attention in the close hereafter. This has been informed at national degree and will impact and order regional policy and scheme. It has been guided by the New Zealand Health Strategy and others such as the Maori Health Startegy, Health of Older People Strategy, New Zealand Disability Strategy, Maori Child Oral Health and School Dental Service reviews. Service planning should besides take into history the function and standard operating processs advocated by regulative organic structures such as the Quality Improvement Agency ( Health Quality and Safety Commission ) , and the Dental Council of New Zealand under the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003. An environmental analysis would be of import in giving a clear image of the current unwritten wellness demands at local degree and the service availabilty. This would be really utile in planning and aid to set up the geographical logistics, grade and type of service required and workforce options present. Insight into the adaptability required from the service in managing with unpredictable fluctuations in demand. Clinicians and patients positions can be conflicting in their assesment of service demands and it is of import to undertand both sides. Determining the figure of bilingual health care workers would be an illustration of the informations that would be collected during the environmental analysis. Expressed demand from patients will change significantly from that of normative demand thought by clinicians. Here sociodental steps of unwritten wellness could be used if possible to acquire a better apprehension of the psychological and societal affects of unwritten wellness and di sease. Cultural apprehension of Maori behavior will be helped by commnuity input. Required service features can so be specified. These would include the location, range of pattern, work force staffing, estate direction, preparation required and information engineering needed. Evidence based attention would inform the range and type of pattern needed. The integrating of unwritten wellness services with a multidisciplinary attack should seek to be incorporated. It has been shown that in comparing with the remainder of the population Maoris are more likely to smoke, be corpulent, and have high blood pressure. Consideration would so be given to the options available to turn to the needed service characteristics. Options such as increasing capacity of bing services or put ining new 1s or a combination of both would be thought approximately. Workforce options such as developing new and bing personel, proviso of scholarships for preparation, and consideration for abroad enlisting would be looked at. Choices for commissioning and paths of support would necessitate to be considered. Options for developing publically funded unwritten wellness services with and /or without prosecuting the private sector could be considered. Risk impact analysis would assist to inform planning. Contribution from the District Health Boards ( DHBs ) and Maori Healthcare Providers once more would be utile. The following phase in planning would be to bring forth a elaborate program which would demo lines of answerability and clip frames. Target times would be allocated and the procedure of rating of the planning procedure included. The usage of Gantt charts would be advised. The of import portion of really implementing the program needs to be looked at closely. Once the program has been approved farther appraisal would be carried out to place any barriers that may impede execution and so efforts to get the better of them instigated. Informing the local relevant commissions and clinicians is an of import measure. Educational meetings, conferences, and workshops to inform and educate health care professionals about the program and grounds based bar schemes would assist to alter clinical behavior. Identifying inspiring sentiment leaders who can act upon healthcare professionals and execute a mentoring function thereby easing consciousness and credence of alterations in clinical pattern would be favorable. Execution should affect get the better ofing barriers at the public degree and negotiations for local Maori communities should be arranged. This would once more profit by being addressed by Maori wellness professionals. Raising consciousness of the program and practical issues for the commuinity could be tackled. The usage of media and local influential people such as community seniors would be utile in community conformity with the service. Local indorsement for undertakings such as H2O fuoridation would be helped by the fosterage of these community confederations. Evaluation of the procedure of execution and auditing of the results should be emphasised at the beginning. Formulation and usage of scrutinizing tools with outcome steps should be agreed and actioned. Results and procedure should be judged against recognized quality steps and this should continuously feedback and inform the planning rhythm. These should embrace unwritten wellness related quality of life indexs every bit good as clinical 1s. Normally a lame association has been found when these 2 types of indexs have been compared. Evaluation of the service should include safety, effectivity, conformity with grounds based research, and staying with planned budgets.Describe how you would guarantee quality in the new serviceQuality in health care services is a really of import issue. Maxwell ( 1984 ) described it necessitating to see effectivity, entree, efficiency and economic system, relevancy, and equity. Structure, procedure and result are related facets that quality can be measured by. To guarantee quality in the proposed service there will be a Clinical Governance Framework which will include all apsects of the service. First a quality squad would be set up and quality defined and criterions agreed on. This squad would include service user representation ( Maori representation ) , bottom degree service provders ( tooth doctors, healers, healthcare forces ) and besides high degree personel ( health care directors, national stakeholder organic structures ) . Good relationships between all parties would necess itate to be fostered to advance trust and agreement. Agreed criterions should efficaciously stand for aspects of patient safety, effectivity of attention, and patient experience. This has been put frontward by Lord Darzi in UK and has been developed to put out the seven spheres of quality. Criteria would so be set on mensurating these criterions. These should conform with the current criterions expected and set out by the New Zealand Dental Association ( NZDA ) and the Dental Council of New Zealand such as NZDA Codes of Practice ( 24 ) , NZDA Code of Ethics, NZDA/DCNZ Joint Dentists ‘ Code of Practice: Informed Consent, DCNZ Code of Practice: Informed Consent ( for alveolar consonant healers, dental hygienists and aides and dental technicians/clinical alveolar consonant technicians ) , NZDA/DCNZ Joint Dentists ‘ Code of Practice: Sexual Boundaries in the Dentist A ­ Patient Relationship. Standardized quality steps will be agreed upon to enable monitoring. This once more will include all parts of the planning and execution procedure. Monitoring and scrutinizing public presentation can be a fraught with troubles and set uping a quality outcomes model will be supportive. Measuring quality against agreed criterions is indispensable and can besides supply of import feedback into the audit rhythm. Monitoring will include: Clinical results Stakeholder and community ( Maori ) positions Research and studies Auditing tools for clinical attention results would be constructed and made available to appropritate forces to finish. The effectual usage of information engineerings and package would be used. This would particularly assist to garner informations on entree and consumption. The positions and sentiments of service users ( patients and clinical forces ) would be actively sought. Creation of a research group/ committee will set up links with The Health Research Council of New Zealand and via The Strategic Plan for Maori Health Ressearch 2010-2015, aid to back up appropriate research. Subsequent findings will be disseminated and used to inform farther policy. Hence this will supply valuable information and promote and better quality. After informations aggregation assessment of pattern can be made against the in agreement criterions and designation of jobs, issues, and hapless and good public presentation attained. Changes required to better public presentation can be agreed on and so impemented. The service would be capable to changeless periodical reappraisals. By sporadically measuring and scrutinizing the service, quality can be improved and more significantly the whole system can be kept feasible and appropriate for the demands of the population for which it was intended. In decision, for a new service to accomplish its purposes adeqeuate planning and execution are a requirement. This should actively and invariably affect all stakeholder sentiments and positions. Quality confidence should be planned in from the start and implemented. The service designed which should integrate an incorporate multidisciplinary attack which understands the complex societal, environmental, and economic determiners of unwritten wellness may so hold a opportunity at being effectual in cut downing unwritten wellness inequalities.

Marketing Samsung Essay

The transformation from a low end to a world class company, Samsung has grown with an electrifying portfolio. ’Next is what’ tag line for all the Samsung mobiles defies its competitors,making them strive more to compete. The underpinning business orientation aids the company to play the market race easily. The coordination between the products and sales is balanced and composed that the net sales mend at a high speed. Samsung targets to capitalize profitability by ensuing an effective marketing mix. A healthy competition is always considered to be one of the most attractive driving sources to triumph. Samsung faces several industrial aspirants, but is significantly distinguished with its marketing management tasks. The company follows a core strategy to keep glowing in the sprint. Superior performance through differentiation providing consumer value, managing lowest deliver cost acts as the imperative competitive advantages. ? The direct competitor targets for Samsung are, Put the companies name like iphone, nokia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ all its important competitors logo Samsung has a strong infrastructure with all the necessary requirements, producing wide range of well recognized products globally. The company puts its higher investment on R&D, thereby building technologically driven niche products. It establishes a brand value , providing greater yields than its competitors. The fast changing company entices young brains by providing fascinating pay, bonuses and incentives as a token of recognition. Samsung has large resources as a powerful work force, who are given full freedom to explore and innovate advancement in technologies and development. The business targets the specific market and creates a revolution, with its high margin products all over the world. With joint investments, the business is customer and market oriented. The brand power creates value chain that integrates competencies of all areas.Samsung positions itself as the digital technology leader, contends with other leading companies by appointing Olympic gold medalist Abinav Bindra and Actor Aamir khan, as its brand ambassador for it consumer electronics business and mobile phones respectively. Samsung meets every challenge, with high investment, with expertise in technology and marketing. Internally, Samsung maintains its own controlled strategy to stay competitive.

Gross domestic product v gross national happiness The WritePass Journal

Gross domestic product v gross national happiness Introduction Gross domestic product v gross national happiness IntroductionConclusionRelated Introduction Human beings are created in a unique way. The qualities we engage differentiate us from one another, as we are gifted with unlimited blessings. We have almost full control over our actions and behaviour, which is the reason why we sometimes struggle to innovate new methodologies for our well-being. Going back in history we started our lives from caves until being part of this Global village. The question we ask, that are these changes such as measuring Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as Gross National happiness (GNH) really for the best? Within this assignment, in the light of Economics we will be discussing the way Nations/States manage their lives (well being). The main focus will be on explaining the differences between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and what the state of Bhutan in the Himalayas call ‘Gross Nation Happiness’ (GNH). The assignment will then move onto discussing the main problems of measuring both GDP and GNH. GDP formally known as Gross National Income (GNI) has been elaborated from a Russian-born, American educated, and â€Å"Father of National Income Accounting†. Dr Simon Kuznet introduced the method of calculating National Income, although concept of National Income has existed for hundreds of years. Consistent measure of National Income remained invisible or nonexistent before Kuznet’s work. Byrns, R T. While the GDP and the rest of the national income accounts may seem to be arcane concepts, they are truly among the great inventions of the twentieth century. (Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus) Like any other process, the method National Income (NI) has crossed many stages to become GDP. At this day and age we have a barometer to gauge the financial health of a Nation and yes, money plays a vital role to fulfil the necessities of life, but it has been proven that stress levels are much higher within the wealthier communities. The question, which arises here, is what is it that’s lacking, despite of having fair and good financial health, especially in developed countries, as the majority are still not living a happy life. Crabtree, S. (Oct 2009) However, GDP was intended to be a measure of economic growth. GDP was never planned to be a measure of overall social well-being. This western economic theory makes the statement that economic growth will enhance social well-being. Research has indicated that in most cases this statement is true, for example when basic human needs are better met. However, GDP is seen to be an imperfect measure, as it does not account for the environmental and social degradations that often accompany economic development. â€Å"Although gross domestic product (GDP) is not intended to be a measure of societal welfare, it is often used as such. One shortcoming as a welfare measure is that it fails to account for the non-marketed value of natural resource flows.† Turner, P. Tschirhart, J. (1999) Moreover, GDP was intended to help politicians with the circumstances of World War II. (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2000). It was a guide to post-war economic policy and it is hard to underestimate its success. William M. Daley, U.S. Secretary of Commerce, stated that: â€Å"Since the end of World War II, when the GDP accounts were more fully developed and in wider use, the boom and bust swings are much less severe. They have had a very positive effect on America’s economic well-being, by providing a steady stream of very useful economic data.† The success of the GDP can be seen in its ubiquity, it has become the pre-eminent measure of economic and, to a large extent, social well-being. Gross National Happiness (GHN) on the other hand, which has been attributed to the former king of Bhutan, is seen more important than ‘Gross Domestic Product’ The former monarch is said to have made GNH the guiding philosophy of Bhutan’s development process, soon after his enthronement in 1972 (Thinley 2007). However, it was not until the late 1980s, that the king began to use the GNH concept openly in an attempt to ensure that economic development was in harmony with Bhutan’s culture, institutions and spiritual values (Ura and Galay 2004). Introducing Bhutan and GNH to outside ideas and institutions began in the early 1960s, and apparently picked up pace in the 1970s (Ura and Galay 2004). In that context, the GNH concept probably evolved as good-humoured play on words to make the point that the development process ought not be directed toward increasing GNP if this is at the expense of traditional values. Some critics have had difficulty in accepting the GNH concept. This is mainly due to the word ‘Gross’ as in GNH this does not appear to have any meaning, where in GNP it does, it also does not have a meaning corresponding to that in national income accounting. However, this has not prevented the GNH concept from becoming a national objective in Bhutan. Article 9 of the Constitution of this new democracy states: ‘The State shall strive to promote those conditions that will enable the pursuit of Gross National Happiness’. Furthermore, GNH has been debated around the world for many years. Nevertheless, it has received overwhelming support and encouragement from all over the world, be it scholars, educationists, politicians, researchers alike. In addition, GNH is widely discussed internationally. At least four international conferences have been held specifically on GNH, attracting participation by scholars from different disciplines and different parts of the world. (Ongmo, S Dec 2009) b) The reason for the overwhelming support and sympathy that the GNH concept is receiving worldwide is that the citizens everywhere are dissatisfied with the way societies are progressing currently in the world. They are increasingly concerned with their quality of life where GDP is the sole yardstick used for measuring social progress prompted by globalisation. Now people are demanding for more sustainable and complete approach to development taking into account dimensions such as social, environment and culture into policy framework. Comments such as the below have been made which is making GNH the next phenomenon. ‘Our industry should be boosting gross national happiness’ (Pollard, I 2008) In this context, GNH challenges the one sided measure of social progress using GDP as the only indicator. The Bhutanese government refuses to consider GDP as a good indicator enough to measure development. It argues that GDP is simply a measure of the currency that switches hands and it doesn’t take care of the growing social problems and deteriorating natural resources of a nation. (Sonam Jamtsho, Principal, Peljorling MSS, Samtse ) In today’s age, we have mentioned GNH is a potential substitute for GDP. (Ray, Debraj (1998): Development Economics, New Delhi 1998.) As we have found that GDP has failed to measure on whether it has benefited the nation or not as its only focus has been on the on economy. Factors such as natural disasters haven’t been considered which could contribute to the GDP growth as it stimulates economic activities such as increasing demands for construction. Also I have fund that the measure of GDP isn’t accurate as there is fear that statistic errors along with pollution factors aren’t being included, which would affect the overall performance. GDP also fails to measure things like quality improvement, this is due to the fact GDP can only measure the price as value, but not the quality of goods being produced. Saturday, January 31, 2009, 17:19 Also when assessing the performance of nations, GDP is often the policy used to measure wealth. However, it fails to meas ure more delecate forms of wealth, which are maybe more important to the average persons well being. Harrell, E Sep 2009. Nevertheless, I have found that changes or adbating to different policies will be a real challenge as for example swapping our UK standard of living for that of an average Bhutanese citizen would be very hard to adabt . By Eben Harrell Wednesday, Sep. 16, 2009 In contrast, GNH has become a more complete indicator as it draws upon a broader set of social, environmental and health measurement. One of the GNH creators Lyonpo Jigmi Thinley states: â€Å"We have to think of human well-being in boarder terms. Material well-being is only one component. That does not ensure that you are at peace with your environment and in harmony with each other.† GNH aims to evaluate sustainability, wellbeing and quality of life. There are nine index variables and many different metrics, which it uses to measure GNH. For example some on the key measurements include total household income, the highest level of education, the value of voluntary work and unpaid housework, natural capital such as energy, air and water quality, sustainable transportation, levels of health and education, crime, pollution and recycling levels. However, GNH faces its own limitations. Certain elements which make GNH become possible such as happiness from love is in fact hard to be measured by a rare method as people have different perceptions towards what happiness really means to them. In addition, GNH is only an indication and does not solve the real problems. For example, after releasing GNH in Bhutan, the country still faces challenges such as poverty and alcoholism. It will be argued here that the happiness revolution might, instead of bringing about the return of â€Å"utility,† ultimately condemn this concept for being simplistic, and reveal that subjective well-being cannot serve as a metric for social evaluation without serious precautions. Fleurbaey, Marc(2009) However, no measure has yet be proven to be perfect as the concept of GDP has risen concern of why the world measuring its development, progress and even sense of success by the GDP, if it does not properly account for the things that are beneficial or destructive to society. After all, the economy is just the exchange of goods and services that are meant to enhance the standard of living. Economist Alan Greenspan, and even the inventor of GDP, Simon Kuznets, warned about using GDP to measure well-being and prosperity (Haggart, 2000). Policy makers and Nations such as the U.S have intended to make positive changes to improve the structure. U.S have requested the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) to revise the way it measure’s GDP levels and growth. One of the changes consisted of switching to a chain-weighted method of computing aggregate growth which depends on the current price information. This allowed BEA to measure GDP growth more accurately by using a new, chain-weighted procedure which would eventually eliminate upward biases in the incoming data. This indicates that challenges have been reconised when gathering accurate data for GDP and that policymakers are to some extent trying to   make changes to enhance the method. However, study has shown that there are drawbacks which aren’t allowing the new measure to work as swiftly as it was intended to, as there has only been a small impact on the analysis of the macro economy. The new data, however, showed that the economy has been growing a bit less rapidly over the last few years than they had expected. The new policy also didn’t alter any estimates of the effects of monetary and fiscal policy on inflation, employment, and the budget and trade deficits. Key data on inflation, such as the consumer and producer price indexes, will not be changed, nor will the data on employment or the budget and trade deficits. On the whole, the most significant consequences of the revised GDP measurement system may be that growth in recent years will be marked down and the chronic upward bias to ongoing estimates of aggregate growth eliminated. Policy makers have recognized that GDP successfully measures the national Ð µconomic strÐ µngth, however, as discussed above ,GDP fails to measure things that ‘make life meaningful’. Morgan Housel January 1, 2011. Collaborating GDP and GNH has been discussed in many states such as the U.S and the UK. Concepts of measuring both happiness and Gross are in talks, but research suggests that there is a lot of work involved, however, there are signs that they are working in the right direction. A strategy in the U.K which many of us are aware of, track trends that affect the communities well being by using data from the census surveys where government agencies that track health, the environment, the economy and other societal barometers. U.S on the other hand, are working with a research team at Princeton who are working with the Bureau of Labor Statistics to incorporate this kind of charting (census) into its new time use survey, which began last year and is given to 4,000 Americans each month. Dr. Alan B. Krueger, a Princeton economist working on the survey stated that: The idea is to start with life as we experience it and then try to understand what helps people feel fulfilled and create conditions that generate that, This method is intended to equip and educate the American quest for ever more income. But that benefit would have to be balanced against the problems that come with the increased stress imposed by additional testing. We should not be hoping to construct a utopia, Professor Krueger said. What we should be talking about is piecemeal movement in the direction of things that make for a better life. paradise-engineering.com/happiness/gnh.html China on the other hand, started using, what is known to be a complex index called Human Development Index (HDI), that was established by Nobel Prize laureate Amartya Sen, which was then replaced by Gross National Product in 1990. China, who is another nation which is attracted to the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) as they found it an urgent necessity to move away from the GDP-led approach to a more human-centred style of government. The difficulties that many nations are facing that happiness cannot be measured. The IEA, quite fairly argue that the satisfaction levels have not really gone up or down since records began in the 1950s might simply show that measuring happiness is a very imprecise science. As the authors point out, many happiness measurements are based on a three-point scale, with people asked if they feel unhappy, happy, or very happy. Basing government policy on such an imprecise measurement would be like the Bank of Englands monetary policy board basing its policy decisions on whether people say they are feeling poor, rich or very rich, they write. Its not just rising income levels that dont appear to affect happiness levels. Rising levels of violent crime also dont appear to affect it. The high unemployment of the 1980s dont seem to affect it. Nothing seems to affect it. It just continues in a straight, boring line. So what policy conclusions can we draw from this? None, it would be fair to suggest. The main problems identified were indicators such as the service input as defining and measuring has become very complex as Some business have mixed service departments in which trying to differentia could be a hard task. Also measuring non market goods such as housework and raising a family is also a challenge. GDP figures also exclude the making of goods and services that are not sold within markets. This component includes housework, meals cooked at home, and child care provided by parents, as well as services volunteered for charities and other groups. For example, when parents care for their own children, the value of their care does not appear in GDP. However, when parents pay for child care, those services appear in GDP. GDP also includes only a very imperfect estimate of production of goods and services sold on the underground economy (or black market). This activity includes production of illegal goods and services (such as drugs and prostitution). It also includes production of legal goods that goes unreported to avoid taxes. Many estimates suggest that the underground economy in the United States amounts to between 5 and 10 percent of GDP; this figure is even larger in many other countries. Conclusion Also when renting a property the expenses appear in GDP as payments towards housing services, where on the other hand if you own the property GDP includes the government’s estimate of the rent that you would pay if you were renting. Also pricing of goods isn’t accurate as these are measured using old, higher prices, overstating the increase in the value of production. Research has also shown that double counting is also a major problem. Ref needed. Monday, 16 June 2008 Posted by Jules Evans politicsofwellbeing.com/2008/06/problem-with-measuring-happiness.html Illegal Economy The economy which can be shown incorrectly due to corruption, bribery and drugs business. Statistical Errors People measuring the economy not performing their duties with honesty or the standard they are using are not current to measure the accurate value of GDP. Pollution Factor Pollution factor can ¶t be included in GDP. Facilities and living standards facilities and living standards improvement can ¶t be indicated by GDP, to show whether the people of the country are worst off or well off. Quality Improvement As the time passes quality improve with speed as compared to the price, GDP can only measure the price as value but not quality. scribd.com/doc/35771023/Difficulties-in-Measuring-Gdp

The Medieval Chivalric Romance

The Medieval Chivalric Romance Chivalric romance is a type of prose or verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They typically describe the adventures of quest-seeking, legendary knights who are portrayed as having heroic qualities. Chivalric romances celebrate an idealized code of civilized behavior that combines loyalty, honor, and courtly love. Knights of the Round Table and Romance The most famous examples are the Arthurian romances recounting the adventures of Lancelot, Galahad, Gawain, and the other â€Å"Knights of the Round Table.† These include the Lancelot (late 12th century) of Chrà ©tien de Troyes, the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (late 14th century), and Thomas Malorys prose romance (1485). Popular literature also drew on themes of romance, but with ironic or satiric intent. Romances reworked legends, fairy tales, and history to suit the readers (or, more likely, the hearers) tastes, but by 1600 they were out of fashion, and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote. Languages of Love Originally, romance literature was written in Old French, Anglo-Norman and Occitan, later, in English and German. During the early 13th century, romances were increasingly written as prose. In later romances, particularly those of French origin, there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love, such as faithfulness in adversity. During the Gothic Revival, from c. 1800 the connotations of romance moved from the magical and fantastic to somewhat eerie Gothic adventure narratives. Queste del Saint Graal (Unknown) The Lancelot–Grail, also known as the Prose Lancelot, the Vulgate Cycle, or the Pseudo-Map Cycle, is a major source of Arthurian legend written in French. It is a series of five prose volumes that tell the story of the quest for the Holy Grail and the romance of Lancelot and Guinevere.   The tales combine elements of the Old Testament with the birth of Merlin, whose magical origins are consistent with those told by Robert de Boron (Merlin as the son of a devil and a human mother who repents her sins and is baptized). The Vulgate Cycle was revised in the 13th century, much was left out and much was added. The resulting text, referred to as the Post-Vulgate Cycle, was an attempt to create greater unity in the material and to de-emphasize the secular love affair between Lancelot and Guinevere. This version of the cycle was one of the most important sources of Thomas Malorys Le Morte dArthur. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Unknown) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in Middle English in the late 14th-century and is one of the best known Arthurian stories. The â€Å"Green Knight† is interpreted by some as a representation of the â€Å"Green Man† of folklore and by others as an allusion to Christ. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, it draws on Welsh, Irish and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important poem in the romance genre and it remains popular to this day. Le Morte DArthur by Sir Thomas Malory Le Morte dArthur (the Death of Arthur) is a French compilation by Sir Thomas Malory of traditional tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, and the Knights of the Round Table. Malory both interprets existing French and English stories about these figures and also adds original material. First published in 1485 by William Caxton, Le Morte dArthur is perhaps the best-known work of Arthurian literature in English. Many modern Arthurian writers, including T.H. White (The Once and Future King) and Alfred, Lord Tennyson (The Idylls of the King) have used Malory as their source. Roman de la Rose by Guillaume de Lorris (c. 1230) and Jean de Meun (c. 1275) The Roman de la Rose is a medieval French poem styled as an allegorical dream vision. It is a notable instance of courtly literature. The works stated purpose is to entertain and to teach others about the Art of Love. At various places in the poem, the Rose of the title is seen as the name of the lady and as a symbol of female sexuality. The other characters names function as ordinary names and also as abstractions illustrating the various factors that are involved in a love affair. The poem was written in two stages. The first 4,058 lines were written by Guillaume de Lorris circa 1230. They describe the attempts of a courtier to woo his beloved. This part of the story is set in a walled garden or locus amoenus, one of the traditional topoi of epic and chivalric literature. Around 1275, Jean de Meun composed an additional 17,724 lines. In this enormous coda, allegorical personages (Reason, Genius, etc.) hold forth on love. This is a typical rhetorical strategy employed by medieval writers. Sir Eglamour of Artois (Unknown) Sir Eglamour of Artois is a Middle English verse romance written c. 1350. It is a narrative poem of about 1300 lines. The fact that six manuscripts and five printed editions from the 15th and 16th centuries survive is evidence for the case that Sir Eglamour of Artois was likely quite popular in its time. The story is constructed from a large number of elements found in other medieval romances. Modern scholarly opinion is critical of the poem for this reason, but readers should note that â€Å"borrowing† material during the Middle Ages was quite common and even expected. Authors made use of the humility topos in order to translate or re-imagine already popular stories while acknowledging original authorship. If we view this poem from a 15th-century perspective as well as from a modern standpoint, we find, as Harriet Hudson argues, a romance [that] is carefully structured, the action highly unified, the narration lively† (Four Middle English Romances, 1996). The action of the story involves the hero fighting with a fifty-foot giant, a ferocious boar, and a dragon. The hero’s son is carried off by a griffin and the boy’s mother, like Geoffrey Chaucers heroine Constance, is carried in an open boat to a distant land.

Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Company - Essay Example Laws on incorporation and existence of business entities, and interaction between persons are other elements of the legal system that the company must identify before entering to a market. Political stability and political goodwill to foster economic growth are the elements of political systems that the company must consider before venturing into a market (Butterworth-Heinemann n.p.). Egypt’s political system identifies a powerful executive arm of the government that has authority over local government and the legislature. The president makes major appointments and has power to dissolve the parliament. The legal system identifies an independent judiciary (International Business Publications 32, 33). Unlike Egypt, Mexico has a decentralized political system in which other levels of the government and local and international private stakeholders participates in decision making processes. The legal system also has a formal structure that identifies consistency and effectiveness (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 94). Vietnam has a similar monopolistic political system to Egypt and a highly regulated legal system that aims at protecting the political system (Gillespie and Chen 17). The political and legal system in Egypt and Vietnam would require Spyder Active Sports to research on trends in the governments’ control of the economy a nd the government’s injustices to business organizations before venturing into the markets. This will derail plans to venture into the two economies while the political and legal system in Mexico identifies strong legal system and a democratic political system that safeguards interests of private stakeholders and would facilitate faster venture into the

New Urban Infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

New Urban Infrastructure - Essay Example It was industry which caused massive migrations into inner city centers (urbanization), secondary to developing industries and the wealth of new jobs they created. These busy urban centers, prolific in mass production, became economic hubs through which business dealings with other business centers, such as those located abroad, would occur. This phenomenon engenders globalization, not only of material capital, but of human capital as well. The benefits of the industrial age are ubiquitous. The plethora of available consumer goods, efficiencies in transportation, and advances in all types of communication, give evidence to the dynamic impacts that industrialization has had throughout the world. Improvements in production leading to an increase in the availability of jobs provides elevations in per capita income, this in turn elevates the overall standards of living and quality of life for certain individuals. A side effect was urbanization. The positive effects of the situation, can and have, started to take a turn for the worse for some people, not in a pandemic fashion, but in a sporadic way throughout many large cities. The degrees of severity may be more endemic to certain areas, or affect certain peoples based on the demographics, as it pertains to geography. The downsides to urbanizations sequela include overcrowding, environmental degradation, and crime. Economic disruption, unemployment, and homelessness are played out on the streets of every urban center throughout the globe. Adaptations to the many problems provided by industrialization, urbanization, and globalization, occur via social ecology. Social, economic, and moral inequities do not balance themselves, such as molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. What it boils down to, at times, is survival of the fittest. Not of the genetically fit, but of the financially fit. These precepts are based on the "Chicago" school of thought. Unlike the, usual, distribution of resources, as seen in nature, social ecology molds the social environment via unnatural social forces. These unseen forces shape-shift the way social milieus are geographically formed and situated. An example, as pointed out in the text, is that of the formation of ghettos. Formation of ghettos does not happen by a conscious social choice, of the inhabitants therein, but by external social forces dictated by the majority social-rule of a given urban industrial area. Globalization seems to be the social forces of industrialization and urbanization on a larger scale, throughout the globe, if you will. Increasing social interactivity between and global cities and people's, spawn new social worlds within the context of the industrial/ urban/global environment. This helps to create social constructs secondary to the blending of cultural ideologies and behaviors. People are able to adopt new philosophies about life and its social interactions, as opposed to being pigeonholed into a particular moral and social philosophy. The terms and conditions of industrialization, urbanization, and globalization may be dictated by the world's leaders, but the subtle social dynamics that occur within the context of this social paradigm will be dictated by the interactions of men and women across to all geographical, tangible and intangible, borders. Urban Policy looks at ways of regenerating